Bibliography

Sources & bibliography

Every tier, ledger entry, and pass resolves to one of these references. Provenance is bound: no claim carries an inline URL, only a key into this list.

1. AMED / Toregem BioPharma (2025). TRG-035 receives Japanese orphan drug designation for severe congenital partial anodontia. AMED record, 29 September 2025. https://www.amed.go.jp/news/seika/files/000149388.pdf
2. Calabrese TC, Rothermund K, Gabe CM, et al. (2024). Self-assembly of tooth root organoid from postnatal human dental stem cells. Tissue Engineering Part A 30(9-10):404-414. doi:10.1089/ten.TEA.2023.0219
3. Hemeryck L, Hermans F, Chappell J, et al. (2022). Organoids from human tooth showing epithelial stemness phenotype and differentiation potential. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 79(3):153. doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04183-8
4. Ikeda E, Morita R, Nakao K, et al. (2009). Fully functional bioengineered tooth replacement as an organ replacement therapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(32):13475-13480. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902944106
5. Kitano Hospital / Toregem BioPharma (2024). First-in-human Phase I study of TRG-035 (anti-USAG-1 antibody): trial announcement and registry record , single ascending dose, adult participants. Kitano Hospital trial announcement, 3 May 2024. https://www.kitano-hp.or.jp/english/info/20240503
6. Murashima-Suginami A, Kiso H, Tokita Y, et al. (2021). Anti-USAG-1 therapy for tooth regeneration through enhanced BMP signaling. Science Advances 7(7):eabf1798. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf1798
7. Neves VCM, Babb R, Chandrasekaran D, Sharpe PT (2017). Promotion of natural tooth repair by small molecule GSK3 antagonists. Scientific Reports 7:39654. doi:10.1038/srep39654
8. Toregem BioPharma (2026). Pre-Series C financing and Phase II preparation disclosure; sponsor reports Phase I dosing complete. Company disclosure, 19 May 2026. https://toregem.co.jp/en/english2025/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Toregem_PreSeriesC_Financing_EN_Final_20260519-2.pdf
9. Xuan K, Li B, Guo H, et al. (2018). Deciduous autologous tooth stem cells regenerate dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth. Science Translational Medicine 10(455):eaaf3227. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf3227